Objective: To determine the prevalence of hepatitis B & C in emergency surgical patients an institutional experience. Design: A Descriptive case study. Place and Duration: the study was conducted in Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad. Patients and Method: A total of 1716 patients admitted through causality for emergency surgical procedure in the department of surgery Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad, from January 2009 to March 2010 all the patients were screened for hepatitis B and C by ICT kit method. All the data was collected on a preformed Performa. Results: Hepatitis B was positive in 82 (4.78%) from them 37 (2.15%) were Male &45 (2.62%) were female, 205 (11.94%) were HCV positive from them 117 (6.81%) were male & 88 (5.12%) were female and 43 (2.5%) were hepatitis B&C positive from them 17(1%) were male & 26(1.51%) were female. More Hepatitis B &C seen in patients who had got injections 23%, second most common in those patients who had received blood transfusion 17.77% and in patients who had previously under gone surgery 12.52%. All the patients were screened through ICT KIT method. Conclusion: Sero prevalence of Hepatitis B & C is high in emergency surgical patients who presented for emergency surgery; most common risk factor was identified who had got I/V injections, blood transfusion & previous surgery. There fore all the patients who need emergency surgery should be screened for Hepatitis B & C. There should be a separate operation theatre & proper precautions during surgery for protection of medical staff should be taken.